The glass industry currently faces three main challenges to reach zero carbon manufacturing. The first is meeting decarbonisation targets, driven by the Paris Agreement and other government- and company-set climate/energy zero carbon targets. Emissions reduction of NOx and SOx is also a key environmental driver. Secondly, the expected changes needed to achieve decarbonisation will put pressure on CapEx and OpEx that could affect profitability and glass quality. As an energy-intensive industry where traditional technologies are poorly efficient, glass needs to remain competitive against other packaging materials such as aluminium and plastic. Finally, with consumers demanding rapid changes, this traditionally conservative industry will need to significantly accelerate its rate of change to adapt to the new reality, for example through electrification and digitalisation of the process, with the agility to meet its customers’ sustainability goals.
In order to meet the carbon emission reductions, the industry needs to dramatically reduce its use of natural gas. In December 2020, the EU announced targets to reduce carbon emissions by 55% by 2030. By early September 2021, the European Union Allowance (EUA) carbon price in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) had reached around €60/tonne1. An 80% increase compared to early January 2021. The trend is likely to continue, with some projections estimating over €90/tonne by 2030 and beyond.
Obviously, this applies to Europe but the decarbonisation challenge is valid everywhere. Including China which has created its own carbon trading market, initially covering the coal- and gas-fired power plants that account for ~40% of China’s carbon emissions. It is expected that China’s ETS, will extend to other sectors, including glass. Trading in China’s ETS began in July 2021 at a much lower price compared to Europe, at ~€6/tonne. According to the 2020 China Carbon Pricing Survey2, undertaken during July–August 2020, from hundreds of stakeholders, “Respondents expect carbon emissions trading to increasingly affect investment decisions in coming years. 37% of respondents expect investment decisions to be strongly or moderately affected in 2020. By 2025, this number rises to 69%.” China has pledged to bring its carbon emissions to a peak before 2030 and to reach carbon neutrality by around 20603. The US has also rejoined the Paris Agreement. This is a global movement. The market and consumers are demanding it.
Electrification makes sense
The majority of CO2 emissions in glass manufacturing (typically 75 to 85%) come from fuel combustion in the melting process. So replacing gas burners with electrical heaters is a very direct way to quickly achieve CO2 reduction. Other technologies are currently being assessed such as hydrogen and biogas. However, Eurotherm by Schneider Electric believes that in terms of technology readiness and availability, electrical melting, including hybrid melting (using 50% to 90% electrical energy) is the solution that makes the most sense to address the decarbonisation challenge for years to come.
Process electrification is the fastest way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet the Paris Agreement and to achieve company commitments and pledges made via initiatives such as the RE100 or the Science Based Targets (SBTi). Therefore, it is anticipated that the number and size of electrical systems will need to increase to take over from traditional fossil fuels. The advantage of electrical melting is that it is already a proven and commonly used technology, suitable for scaling up to energise larger electrical melting systems. As a global supplier of advanced power products, electric melting/boosting systems, and related services to the glass industry for over 50 years, Eurotherm has the know-how to do this and is electrification ready!
Consider the entire process
The electrification of the process is not limited to the furnace itself. With electrical systems growing in size, it is important to have a holistic approach by including the complete power system and distribution architecture. For the best results, a complete vertical approach is needed, from the electrical grid to the glass. Being part of Schneider Electric enables Eurotherm to combine the power distribution system with the process automation and power system architecture to optimise CO2 reduction as much as possible. This integration includes the high- and medium-voltage (HV and MV) distribution equipment, transformers, switchgears, VFD drives, etc. all the way to the melting and boosting power control system.
Traditionally, power systems for glass furnaces have been designed by engineering companies (EPCs) and/or mining end-users, who apply their industrial process knowledge and experience from previous projects. While this can result in robust installations, they are often not optimised for cost and footprint because the electrical design process focuses on individual parts of the system, rather than considering the system as a whole. Electrical equipment manufacturers are also not usually involved in the design phase, often only being consulted during the request for quotation process once the design has been decided.
A grid to glass approach
The Eurotherm approach is different, where, as part of the electrification, the complete power system can be further optimised in terms of cost and reliability through modelling and simulation with software such as ETAP (now part of the Schneider portfolio), a leading software platform developer for electrical power systems modelling and simulation, optimising customer electricity power systems based on their digital twin equivalents. Through this type of end-to-end design, complex mission-critical power systems can be streamlined, and integration of renewables, microgrids, fuel cells, and battery storage technologies to the power grid can be improved and accelerated. A ‘grid to glass’ design approach can not only help to provide resilient power grids and decarbonised energy transport and generation, it can also lead to significant savings of up to 20% CapEx by improving the design and performance.
For cost optimisation in large electric systems, Eurotherm also recommends installing all the equipment in a pre-fabricated electrical house (E-House – pictured); a factory-integrated, tested, validated, compact, power distribution solution. Both brownfield and greenfield sites can benefit from significant cost savings of up to 20% by reducing the civil engineering costs of traditional buildings for housing industrial equipment. Additional advantages are: lead-time reduction of up to 20%, and drastically reduced equipment start-up time and commissioning costs, resulting in shorter, less stressful rebuild campaigns.
For the melting and boosting processes, a preferred solution to deliver energy to the melt is through water-cooled power supply boxes that control one or two pairs of electrodes (typically from 100kVA to 1000MVA). The benefits are plentiful with a compact design that can be located very close to the furnace to reduce line current and heat losses, and eliminate expensive large busbars for smaller cables. A network of multiple power supply boxes provides flexibility to scale up and offers sufficient power redundancy to help enable continuous and reliable operation.
Digitalisation for data driven performance
The next phase of electrification is digitalisation. With all those assets deployed it becomes important to connect the devices. IoT-enabled power management architectures with connected devices are the perfect choice for intelligent distribution systems. Equipped with smart sensors and 24/7 connectivity, real-time data analytics support effective decision making.
This can aid the safety of both people and equipment, improve equipment reliability through predictive maintenance, simplify asset management through digital features, and enhance network security. Connected equipment can include circuit breakers, power meters, power controllers, drives,
MV/LV switchgears, and transformers, etc. The result can be significant asset utilisation improvements, reduced maintenance costs, and reduction of unplanned downtime. From the shop floor to the global enterprise level, personnel can know what is happening and when, anytime, from anywhere.
Digitalisation applies at all levels and Schneider Electric’s IoT-enabled, open and interoperable architecture platform EcoStruxure, creates collaborative environments for connecting the field level to the enterprise level. So, from connected products (such as discrete controllers and protection devices), to edge control (such as programmable automation controllers (PAC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems), through to software/analytics and services, the EcoStruxure platform allows IoT enabled solutions to seamlessly connect, collect, analyse and act on data in real-time, from design to maintenance.
A defence-in-depth cybersecurity approach
With more equipment connected, end-to-end cyber security is a must-have. As part of its electrification and digitalisation services, Schneider Electric provides cybersecurity solutions and ongoing services across multiple operating environments including energy management (power distribution equipment) and industrial automation products and systems. Industrial cybersecurity services offered by Eurotherm include risk assessments, architecture based on a defence in depth approach, monitoring, software/operating system patching and more.
High-efficiency, integrated power and automation
Eurotherm continues to help the glass industry meet its sustainability goals by reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris agreement while remaining profitable. Working closely with furnace OEMs and glass manufacturers as a digital partner for optimised sustainability and efficiency, Eurotherm is helping the industry to go through its transformation to electrification – from the grid to the glass.
1 https://ember-climate.org/data/carbon-price-viewer/
2 http://www.chinacarbon.info/sdm_downloads/2020-china-carbon-pricing-survey/
3 https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-new-national-carbon-trading-market-...